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Considering reviewers' opinions on the paper, presented at EPDE2021, in which the data were not sufficient to compare different cohorts, now we are able to answer if there have been differences in students' assessments, based on some questions of the academic survey on didactics, comparing answers for courses held pre-and-during Covid19 pandemic. In 2020 every educational institution moved their didactics toward an online platform. Every course had to introduce and experiment with new forms of didactics that prevent in-person events, either in lectures or laboratory. Courses of design traditionally require a strict relation between student-instructor and student-student. The need to operate by moving the contact to an online connection creates, at the beginning of the period, a lot of distrust among teachers of such courses. The “Machine Drawing” course is one of these. Briefly recalling how the courses have been revised, with the employment of a communication platform like Teams®, the answers, given by students, are collected and the differences along the time are highlighted. Three academic years have been considered: 2017-2018, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021. A further correlation has been made considering different didactics and the global efficiency of the course in terms of abandonment, number of successes (number of people that pass the exam), and the effects on the grades (marks) obtained. Reflecting on such data, a new consideration has been done on the methodologies that can still continue to be used in the future when the explicit problem of pandemic emergency does will not influence anymore the traditional way of teaching. © Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education: Disrupt, Innovate, Regenerate and Transform, E and PDE 2022. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Although the mechanism of neurological complications after COVID-19 vaccination has not been precisely explained, it could be attributed to the inflammatory state triggered by COVID-19 vaccine as in the course of COVID-19 viral infection. This condition induces disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in combination with vascular endothelial dysfunction, leading to stroke of the large vessels. This hypothesis may be the main cause of DIC, especially in mRNA-based vaccines, whose mechanism involves delivery of the mRNA code of the spike protein to human cells. Cellular synthesis of the spike protein stimulates the immune system to recognize and store it for future attack. Based on this hypothesis, the inflammatory state triggered by the vaccine can be considered the main pathway for neurological complications of COVID-19 vaccine. Objective(s): The aim of this work is to analyse the incidence of ischaemic stroke risk following administration of the ComirnatyTM vaccine in ASST GOM Niguarda, an Italian hospital based in Milan, and to compare it with data from FAERS database. Method(s): The Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) was calculated in order to evaluate a possible correlation between the risk of ischaemic stroke and ComirnatyTM vaccine administration in the period of January- December 2021. For this purpose, we consulted FAERS public domain database that allows you to search information relating to adverse events reported to the FDA. Result(s): From reports of adverse events of ComirnatyTM vaccinated patients at ASST GOM Niguarda hospital, it was observed that after administration of this vaccine there is a correlation with the risk of developing ischaemic stroke mainly in over 65 years old patients (OR = 1.26;95% CI 0.17-9.13;z = 0.230;p value = 0.8182) when comparing the data with other vaccines. These data match the data obtained from FAERS (OR: 1.29;95% CI 0.85-1.96;z = 1.205;p value = 0.228), confirming the data collected in ASST GOM Niguarda. Conclusion(s): The data extrapolated from this analysis conducted at ASST GOM Niguarda mirror those obtained from the FAERS database with a comparable significance index (p value). In conclusion, the possible correlation between ComirnatyTM vaccine administration and the development of ischaemic stroke as an adverse event was confirmed.
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Introduction: Although the mechanism of neurological complications after COVID-19 vaccination has not been precisely explained, it could be attributed to the inflammatory state triggered by COVID-19 vaccine as in the course of COVID-19 viral infection. This condition induces disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in combination with vascular endothelial dysfunction, leading to stroke of the large vessels. This hypothesis may be the main cause of DIC, especially in mRNA-based vaccines, whose mechanism involves delivery of the mRNA code of the spike protein to human cells. Cellular synthesis of the spike protein stimulates the immune system to recognize and store it for future attack. Based on this hypothesis, the inflammatory state triggered by the vaccine can be considered the main pathway for neurological complications of COVID-19 vaccine. Objective: The aim of this work is to analyse the incidence of ischaemic stroke risk following administration of the ComirnatyTM vaccine in ASST GOM Niguarda, an Italian hospital based in Milan, and to compare it with data from FAERS database. Methods: The Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) was calculated in order to evaluate a possible correlation between the risk of ischaemic stroke and Comirnaty™ vaccine administration in the period of January-December 2021. For this purpose, we consulted FAERS public domain database that allows you to search information relating to adverse events reported to the FDA. Results: From reports of adverse events of ComirnatyTM vaccinated patients at ASST GOM Niguarda hospital, it was observed that after administration of this vaccine there is a correlation with the risk of developing ischaemic stroke mainly in over 65 years old patients (OR = 1.26;95% CI 0.17-9.13;z = 0.230;p value = 0.8182) when comparing the data with other vaccines. These data match the data obtained from FAERS (OR: 1.29;95% CI 0.85-1.96;z = 1.205;p value = 0.228), confirming the data collected in ASST GOM Niguarda. Conclusion: The data extrapolated from this analysis conducted at ASST GOM Niguarda mirror those obtained from the FAERS database with a comparable significance index (p value). In conclusion, the possible correlation between ComirnatyTM vaccine administration and the development of ischaemic stroke as an adverse event was confirmed.
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Since Learning Management Systems (LMS) appeared some 20 years ago, their experimentation grew slowly, compared with the explosion that occurred after the Covid-19 emergency. Due to the closure of schools and universities worldwide, every educational institution and their teachers had to move towards the usage of LMSs for Online Distance Learning (ODL). This obliged the teachers to quickly familiarize with such kind of didactics and every kind of course faced these new opportunities. Machine Drawing is a course that requires much interaction between teachers and students and may not exploit validly many modalities invented in LMS. This paper presents the experiences done implementing online didactics, trying to apply all the online tools to the traditional way of teaching. Mainly laboratory activities, made online, must reproduce the interaction made in-person. Nevertheless, online connections opened new ways to try stricter relationships between the teacher and those students, who have less skill, even shyness, and then may accumulate delays. Differentiating the way in which didactics (lecture and laboratory) may be delivered, some traditional techniques have been improved. Employment the video recording of all activities done has given students the opportunity to repeat the more delicate steps of some topics. The check online of designs and elaborations by instructors allows students to be more concentrated on explanation, which may be done collectively or singularly. Comparing the results of exams before and after online didactics revealed that the number of students that passed the exam and the average of reached grade grew significantly. © PDE 2021.
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Sketching is becoming an irrelevant activity of engineering studies. The availability of many software that aids designers in all phases of design, not only analytic but synthetic, push technicians, designers to use such tools, giving up the employment of a simple pencil and eraser on a sheet of paper. The productivity of software tools is obliged to speed and manage the whole design process;even freehand sketching remains the fundamental means to communicate the first ideas immediately. During Brainwriting sessions, the ability to explain by sketches first elaborations of a possible solution, that must be understood by co-designers, is the first step that allows more fruitful discussion and immediate adjustment towards a quick embodiment of valid proposals. The paper describes how such techniques has been introduced in the mechanical engineering curriculum. The case of study reports the experience of the Brainwriting online, which has been tested during lockdown due to the pandemic disease of COVID-19. Further in the paper it is suggested a new interpretation of the de Saussure general linguistic studies, in term of a communication that is associated to a drawing. © 2020, The Author(s).